在上一篇随笔“浅谈 C# 交互窗口”中，我提到在 mono 中可以使用 csharp 交互执行 C# 代码。如果想在 Windows 操作系统中使用 C# 交互窗口，而又不想在 Windows 操作系统中安装 mono 的话，可以考虑将 csharp.exe 移植到 Windows 操作系统中。
Ubuntu 10.10 操作系统中自带的是 mono 2.6.7：
ben@ben-m4000t:~$ cat /etc/issue Ubuntu 10.10 \n \lben@ben-m4000t:~$ mono --version Mono JIT compiler version 2.6.7 (Debian 2.6.7-3ubuntu1) Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Novell, Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.comTLS: __threadGC: Included Boehm (with typed GC and Parallel Mark)SIGSEGV: altstackNotifications: epollArchitecture: amd64Disabled: none ben@ben-m4000t:~$ gmcs --version Mono C# compiler version 2.6.7.0 ben@ben-m4000t:~$ csharp --version Mono C# compiler version 2.1.0.0 ben@ben-m4000t:~$ which csharp /usr/bin/csharp ben@ben-m4000t:~$ cat /usr/bin/csharp #!/bin/sh exec /usr/bin/mono $MONO_OPTIONS /usr/lib/mono/2.0/csharp.exe "$@" ben@ben-m4000t:~$
目前最新版本是 mono 2.8.1。因此，在 Ubuntu 10.10 操作系统中安装 mono 2.8.1 ：
ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ wget http://ftp.novell.com/pub/mono/sources/mono/mono-2.8.1.tar.bz2 ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ tar xjf mono-2.8.1.tar.bz2 ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ rm mono-2.8.1.tar.bz2 ben@ben-m4000t:~/src$ cd mono-2.8.1 ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ ./configure --prefix=/opt/mono-2.8.1 ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ make ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ sudo make install
然后看看安装后的效果：
ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ cd /opt/mono-2.8.1 ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ ./mono --version Mono JIT compiler version 2.8.1 (tarball 2010年 12月 01日 星期三 08:50:53 CST) Copyright (C) 2002-2010 Novell, Inc and Contributors. www.mono-project.comTLS: __threadSIGSEGV: altstackNotifications: epollArchitecture: amd64Disabled: noneMisc: debugger softdebug LLVM: supported, not enabled.GC: Included Boehm (with typed GC and Parallel Mark) ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ ./dmcs --version Mono C# compiler version 2.8.1.0 ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ ./csharp --version Mono C# compiler version 4.0.0.0 ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ cat csharp #!/bin/sh exec /opt/mono-2.8.1/bin/mono $MONO_OPTIONS /opt/mono-2.8.1/lib/mono/4.0/csharp.exe "$@"
然后把 Ubuntu 10.10 操作系统中的 /opt/mono-2.8.1/lib/mono/4.0/csharp.exe 文件拷贝到安装了 Microsoft .NET Framework 4 的 Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition Service Pack2 操作系统中，运行 csharp.exe：
C:\bin\CsharpRepl> csharp未经处理的异常: System.IO.FileNotFoundException: 未能加载文件或程序集 “Mono.CSharp, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=0738eb9f132ed756” 或它的某一个依赖项。系统找不到指定的文件。在 Mono.Driver.Startup(String[] args)在 Mono.Driver.Main(String[] args)
哎呀，运行出错了。还需要一个 Mono.CSharp.dll 才能运行。让我们来找出这个 Mono.CSharp.dll 吧：
ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$ find . -name Mono.CSharp.dll ./lib/mono/4.0/Mono.CSharp.dll ./lib/mono/2.0/Mono.CSharp.dll ./lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dll ./lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/2.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dll ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$ ll lib/mono/4.0/Mono.CSharp.dll lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 60 2010-12-01 09:07 lib/mono/4.0/Mono.CSharp.dll-> ../gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dll ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$ ll lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0*/Mono.CSharp.dll -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1105408 2010-12-01 09:07lib/mono/gac/Mono.CSharp/4.0.0.0__0738eb9f132ed756/Mono.CSharp.dll ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1$
因此，把 Ubuntu 操作系统中上述 gac 目录中的 Mono.CSharp.dll 拷贝到 Windows 操作系统中，再次运行 csharp.exe ：
C:\bin\CsharpRepl> dir驱动器 C 中的卷没有标签。卷的序列号是 F0AA-2E0DC:\bin\CsharpRepl 的目录2010-12-01 10:13 . 2010-12-01 10:13 .. 2010-12-01 09:07 37,376 csharp.exe 2010-12-01 09:07 1,105,408 Mono.CSharp.dll2 个文件 1,142,784 字节2 个目录 9,746,513,920 可用字节C:\bin\CsharpRepl> csharpC:\bin\CsharpRepl>
这次运行没有出错，而是直接退出了。这更糟糕了。只好找到 csharp.exe 的 C# 源程序看看发生了什么。
ben@ben-m4000t:/opt/mono-2.8.1/bin$ cd ~/src/mono-2.8.1 ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ find . -name csharp ./mcs/tools/csharp ./scripts/csharp ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ cd mcs/tools/csharp ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1/mcs/tools/csharp$ ll 总计 56 -rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben 2434 2010-11-12 18:32 ChangeLog -rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben 60 2010-11-12 18:24 csharp.exe.sources -rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben 22963 2010-11-12 18:24 getline.cs -rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben 672 2010-11-12 18:24 Makefile -rw-r--r-- 1 ben ben 16749 2010-11-12 18:24 repl.cs ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1/mcs/tools/csharp$
上面的 repl.cs 就是 csharp.exe 的 C# 源程序之一，其中包含 Main 方法。下面是 repl.cs 的开头部分：
//
// repl.cs: Support for using the compiler in interactive mode (read-eval-print loop)
//
// Authors:
// Miguel de Icaza (miguel@gnome.org)
//
// Dual licensed under the terms of the MIT X11 or GNU GPL
//
// Copyright 2001, 2002, 2003 Ximian, Inc (http://www.ximian.com)
// Copyright 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Novell, Inc
//
//
// TODO:
// Do not print results in Evaluate, do that elsewhere in preparation for Eval refactoring.
// Driver.PartialReset should not reset the coretypes, nor the optional types, to avoid
// computing that on every call.
//
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Collections;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Threading;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Collections.Generic;using Mono.CSharp;namespace Mono {public class Driver {static int Main (string [] args){
#if !ON_DOTNETif (args.Length > 0 && args [0] == "--attach") {new ClientCSharpShell (Int32.Parse (args [1])).Run (null);return 0;}if (args.Length > 0 && args [0].StartsWith ("--agent:")) {new CSharpAgent (args [0]);return 0;}
#endifreturn Startup(args);}static int Startup (string[] args){string[] startup_files;try {startup_files = Evaluator.InitAndGetStartupFiles (args);Evaluator.DescribeTypeExpressions = true;Evaluator.SetInteractiveBaseClass (typeof (InteractiveBaseShell));} catch {return 1;}return new CSharpShell ().Run (startup_files);}}
}问题就出在第 52 行到第 65 行的 Startup 方法中。因此在该方法中增加一些 Debug 语句：
代码 static int Startup (string[] args)
{
string[] startup_files;
try {
startup_files = Evaluator.InitAndGetStartupFiles (args);
Evaluator.DescribeTypeExpressions = true;
Evaluator.SetInteractiveBaseClass (typeof (InteractiveBaseShell));
} catch (Exception ex) {
// Begin Add by Ben (http://www.cnblogs.com/skyivben)
Console.WriteLine(ex);
// End Add by Ben (Wed 2010-12-01)
return 1;
}
return new CSharpShell ().Run (startup_files);
}
{
string[] startup_files;
try {
startup_files = Evaluator.InitAndGetStartupFiles (args);
Evaluator.DescribeTypeExpressions = true;
Evaluator.SetInteractiveBaseClass (typeof (InteractiveBaseShell));
} catch (Exception ex) {
// Begin Add by Ben (http://www.cnblogs.com/skyivben)
Console.WriteLine(ex);
// End Add by Ben (Wed 2010-12-01)
return 1;
}
return new CSharpShell ().Run (startup_files);
}
然后重新编译：
ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ make ben@ben-m4000t:~/src/mono-2.8.1$ sudo make install
再将重新编译后的 csharp.exe 拷贝到 Windows 操作系统中运行：
C:\bin\CsharpRepl> csharp System.TypeLoadException: 重写成员 “Mono.CSharp.StreamReportPrinter.Print(Mono.CSharp.AbstractMessage)” 时违反了继承安全性规则。重写方法的安全可访问性必须与所重写方法的安全可访问性匹配。在 Mono.CSharp.Evaluator.InitAndGetStartupFiles(String[] args)在 Mono.Driver.Startup(String[] args)C:\bin\CsharpRepl>
运行时出错信息如上所示。经查，Mono.CSharp 命名空间中的 StreamReportPrinter 类继承自同一命名空间中的 ReportPrinter 类，这两个类的源程序代码均在 src/mono-2.8.1/mcs/mcs/report.cs 文件中，该文件中的相关内容如下所示：
namespace Mono.CSharp {//// Generic base for any message writer//public abstract class ReportPrinter {/// <summary> /// Whether to dump a stack trace on errors. /// </summary>public bool Stacktrace;int warnings, errors;public int WarningsCount {get { return warnings; }}public int ErrorsCount {get { return errors; }}protected virtual string FormatText (string txt){return txt;}//// When (symbols related to previous ...) can be used//public virtual bool HasRelatedSymbolSupport {get { return true; }}public virtual void Print (AbstractMessage msg){if (msg.IsWarning)++warnings;else++errors;}protected void Print (AbstractMessage msg, TextWriter output){StringBuilder txt = new StringBuilder ();if (!msg.Location.IsNull) {txt.Append (msg.Location.ToString ());txt.Append (" ");}txt.AppendFormat ("{0} CS{1:0000}: {2}", msg.MessageType, msg.Code, msg.Text);if (!msg.IsWarning)output.WriteLine (FormatText (txt.ToString ()));elseoutput.WriteLine (txt.ToString ());if (msg.RelatedSymbols != null) {foreach (string s in msg.RelatedSymbols)output.WriteLine (s + msg.MessageType + ")");}}}class StreamReportPrinter : ReportPrinter{readonly TextWriter writer;public StreamReportPrinter (TextWriter writer){this.writer = writer;}public override void Print (AbstractMessage msg){Print (msg, writer);base.Print (msg);}}}
从上面的源程序代码中，我看不出为什么在 Windows 操作系统中运行时会出现“重写成员 ... 时违反了继承安全性规则。重写方法的安全可访问性必须与所重写方法的安全可访问性匹配。”的错误。这个 csharp.exe 程序在 Linux 操作系统中运行是很正常的。
园子中的各位大侠有什么建议吗？请在评论中告诉我。谢谢！
