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最近比较忙，有段时间没写博客拉。最近项目中需要使用HTTP与Socket，雨松MOMO把自己这段时间学习的资料整理一下。有关Socket与HTTP的基础知识MOMO就不赘述拉，不懂得朋友自己谷歌吧。我们项目的需求是在登录的时候使用HTTP请求，游戏中其它的请求都用Socket请求，比如人物移动同步坐标，同步关卡等等。

1.Socket

Socket不要写在脚本上，如果写在脚本上游戏场景一旦切换，那么这条脚本会被释放掉，Socket会断开连接。场景切换完毕后需要重新在与服务器建立Socket连接，这样会很麻烦。所以我们需要把Socket写在一个单例的类中，不用继承MonoBehaviour。这个例子我模拟一下，主角在游戏中移动，时时向服务端发送当前坐标，当服务器返回同步坐标时角色开始同步服务端新角色坐标。

Socket在发送消息的时候采用的是字节数组，也就是说无论你的数据是 int float short object 都会将这些数据类型先转换成byte[] ， 目前在处理发送的地方我使用的是数据包，也就是把（角色坐标）结构体object转换成byte[]发送， 这就牵扯一个问题， 如何把结构体转成字节数组， 如何把字节数组回转成结构体。请大家接续阅读，答案就在后面，哇咔咔。

直接上代码

JFSocket.cs 该单例类不要绑定在任何对象上

    using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;using System;using System.Threading;using System.Text;using System.Net;using System.Net.Sockets;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.IO;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;using System.Runtime.Serialization;using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;public class JFSocket{//Socket客户端对象private Socket clientSocket;//JFPackage.WorldPackage是我封装的结构体，//在与服务器交互的时候会传递这个结构体//当客户端接到到服务器返回的数据包时，我把结构体add存在链表中。public List worldpackage;//单例模式private static JFSocket instance;public static JFSocket GetInstance(){if (instance == null){instance = new JFSocket();}return instance;}         //单例的构造函数JFSocket(){//创建Socket对象， 这里我的连接类型是TCPclientSocket = new Socket (AddressFamily.InterNetwork,SocketType.Stream,ProtocolType.Tcp);//服务器IP地址IPAddress ipAddress = IPAddress.Parse ("192.168.1.100");//服务器端口IPEndPoint ipEndpoint = new IPEndPoint (ipAddress, 10060);//这是一个异步的建立连接，当连接建立成功时调用connectCallback方法IAsyncResult result = clientSocket.BeginConnect (ipEndpoint,new AsyncCallback (connectCallback),clientSocket);//这里做一个超时的监测，当连接超过5秒还没成功表示超时bool success = result.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne( 5000, true );if ( !success ){//超时Closed();Debug.Log("connect Time Out");}else{//与socket建立连接成功，开启线程接受服务端数据。worldpackage = new List();Thread thread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(ReceiveSorket));thread.IsBackground = true;thread.Start();}}private void connectCallback(IAsyncResult asyncConnect){Debug.Log("connectSuccess");}private void ReceiveSorket(){//在这个线程中接受服务器返回的数据while (true){if(!clientSocket.Connected){//与服务器断开连接跳出循环Debug.Log("Failed to clientSocket server.");clientSocket.Close();break;}try{//接受数据保存至bytes当中byte[] bytes = new byte[4096];//Receive方法中会一直等待服务端回发消息//如果没有回发会一直在这里等着。int i = clientSocket.Receive(bytes);if(i <= 0){clientSocket.Close();break;}        //这里条件可根据你的情况来判断。//因为我目前的项目先要监测包头长度，//我的包头长度是2，所以我这里有一个判断if(bytes.Length > 2){SplitPackage(bytes,0);}else{Debug.Log("length is not  >  2");}}catch (Exception e){Debug.Log("Failed to clientSocket error." + e);clientSocket.Close();break;}}}        private void SplitPackage(byte[] bytes , int index){//在这里进行拆包，因为一次返回的数据包的数量是不定的//所以需要给数据包进行查分。while(true){//包头是2个字节byte[] head = new byte[2];int headLengthIndex = index + 2;//把数据包的前两个字节拷贝出来Array.Copy(bytes,index,head,0,2);//计算包头的长度short length = BitConverter.ToInt16(head,0);//当包头的长度大于0 那么需要依次把相同长度的byte数组拷贝出来if(length > 0){byte[] data = new byte[length];//拷贝出这个包的全部字节数Array.Copy(bytes,headLengthIndex,data,0,length);//把数据包中的字节数组强制转换成数据包的结构体//BytesToStruct()方法就是用来转换的//这里需要和你们的服务端程序商量，JFPackage.WorldPackage wp = new JFPackage.WorldPackage();wp = (JFPackage.WorldPackage)BytesToStruct(data,wp.GetType());//把每个包的结构体对象添加至链表中。worldpackage.Add(wp);//将索引指向下一个包的包头index  =  headLengthIndex + length;}else{//如果包头为0表示没有包了，那么跳出循环break;}}}        //向服务端发送一条字符串//一般不会发送字符串 应该是发送数据包public void SendMessage(string str){byte[] msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(str);if(!clientSocket.Connected){clientSocket.Close();return;}try{//int i = clientSocket.Send(msg);IAsyncResult asyncSend = clientSocket.BeginSend (msg,0,msg.Length,SocketFlags.None,new AsyncCallback (sendCallback),clientSocket);bool success = asyncSend.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne( 5000, true );if ( !success ){clientSocket.Close();Debug.Log("Failed to SendMessage server.");}}catch{Debug.Log("send message error" );}}//向服务端发送数据包，也就是一个结构体对象public void SendMessage(object obj){if(!clientSocket.Connected){clientSocket.Close();return;}try{//先得到数据包的长度short size = (short)Marshal.SizeOf(obj);//把数据包的长度写入byte数组中byte [] head = BitConverter.GetBytes(size);//把结构体对象转换成数据包，也就是字节数组byte[] data = StructToBytes(obj);//此时就有了两个字节数组，一个是标记数据包的长度字节数组， 一个是数据包字节数组，//同时把这两个字节数组合并成一个字节数组byte[] newByte = new byte[head.Length + data.Length];Array.Copy(head,0,newByte,0,head.Length);Array.Copy(data,0,newByte,head.Length, data.Length);//计算出新的字节数组的长度int length = Marshal.SizeOf(size) + Marshal.SizeOf(obj);//向服务端异步发送这个字节数组IAsyncResult asyncSend = clientSocket.BeginSend (newByte,0,length,SocketFlags.None,new AsyncCallback (sendCallback),clientSocket);//监测超时bool success = asyncSend.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne( 5000, true );if ( !success ){clientSocket.Close();Debug.Log("Time Out !");}}catch (Exception e){Debug.Log("send message error: " + e );}}//结构体转字节数组public byte[] StructToBytes(object structObj){int size = Marshal.SizeOf(structObj);IntPtr buffer =  Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);try{Marshal.StructureToPtr(structObj,buffer,false);byte[]  bytes  =   new byte[size];Marshal.Copy(buffer, bytes,0,size);return   bytes;}finally{Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer);}}//字节数组转结构体public object BytesToStruct(byte[] bytes,   Type   strcutType){int size = Marshal.SizeOf(strcutType);IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);try{Marshal.Copy(bytes,0,buffer,size);return  Marshal.PtrToStructure(buffer,   strcutType);}finally{Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer);}   }private void sendCallback (IAsyncResult asyncSend){}//关闭Socketpublic void Closed(){if(clientSocket != null && clientSocket.Connected){clientSocket.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both);clientSocket.Close();}clientSocket = null;}}

    using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;using System.Runtime.InteropServices;public class JFPackage{//结构体序列化[System.Serializable]//4字节对齐 iphone 和 android上可以1字节对齐[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 4)]public struct WorldPackage{public byte mEquipID;public byte mAnimationID;public byte mHP;public short mPosx;public short mPosy;public short mPosz;public short mRosx;public short mRosy;public short mRosz;public WorldPackage(short posx,short posy,short posz, short rosx, short rosy, short rosz,byte equipID,byte animationID,byte hp){mPosx = posx;mPosy = posy;mPosz = posz;mRosx = rosx;mRosy = rosy;mRosz = rosz;mEquipID = equipID;mAnimationID = animationID;mHP = hp;}};  }

    public JFSocket mJFsorket;void Start (){mJFsorket = JFSocket.GetInstance();}

    void SendPlayerWorldMessage(){//组成新的结构体对象，包括主角坐标旋转等。Vector3 PlayerTransform = transform.localPosition;Vector3 PlayerRotation = transform.localRotation.eulerAngles;//用short的话是2字节，为了节省包的长度。这里乘以100 避免使用float 4字节。当服务器接受到的时候小数点向前移动两位就是真实的float数据short px =  (short)(PlayerTransform.x*100);short py =  (short)(PlayerTransform.y*100);short pz =  (short)(PlayerTransform.z*100);short rx =  (short)(PlayerRotation.x*100);short ry =  (short)(PlayerRotation.y*100);short rz =  (short)(PlayerRotation.z*100);byte equipID = 1;byte animationID =9;byte hp = 2;JFPackage.WorldPackage wordPackage = new JFPackage.WorldPackage(px,py,pz,rx,ry,rz,equipID,animationID,hp);//通过Socket发送结构体对象mJFsorket.SendMessage(wordPackage);}

    //上次同步时间private float mSynchronous;void Update (){mSynchronous +=Time.deltaTime;//在Update中每0.5s的时候同步一次if(mSynchronous > 0.5f){int count = mJFsorket.worldpackage.Count;//当接受到的数据包长度大于0 开始同步if(count > 0){//遍历数据包中 每个点的坐标foreach(JFPackage.WorldPackage wp in mJFsorket.worldpackage){float x = (float)(wp.mPosx / 100.0f);float y = (float)(wp.mPosy /100.0f);float z = (float)(wp.mPosz /100.0f);Debug.Log("x = " + x + " y = " + y+" z = " + z);//同步主角的新坐标mPlayer.transform.position = new Vector3 (x,y,z);}//清空数据包链表mJFsorket.worldpackage.Clear();}mSynchronous = 0;}}

对于Socket的使用，我相信没有比MSDN更加详细的了。
有关Socket 同步请求异步请求的地方可以参照MSDN  链接地址给出来了，好好学习吧，嘿嘿。 http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.net.sockets.socket.aspx

上述代码中我使用的是Thread() 没有使用协同任务StartCoroutine() ，原因是协同任务必需要继承MonoBehaviour，并且该脚本要绑定在游戏对象身上。问题绑定在游戏对象身上切换场景的时候这个脚本必然会释放，那么Socket肯定会断开连接，所以我需要用Thread，并且协同任务它并不是严格意义上的多线程。

2.HTTP
HTTP请求在Unity我相信用的会更少一些，因为HTTP会比SOCKET慢很多，因为它每次请求完都会断开。废话不说了， 我用HTTP请求制作用户的登录。用HTTP请求直接使用Unity自带的www类就可以，因为HTTP请求只有登录才会有， 所以我就在脚本中来完成， 使用 www 类 和 协同任务StartCoroutine()。

    using UnityEngine;using System.Collections;using System.Collections.Generic;public class LoginGlobe : MonoBehaviour {void Start (){//GET请求StartCoroutine(GET("http://xuanyusong.com/"));}void Update (){}void OnGUI(){}//登录public void LoginPressed(){//登录请求 POST 把参数写在字典用 通过www类来请求Dictionary dic = new Dictionary ();//参数dic.Add("action","0");dic.Add("usrname","xys");dic.Add("psw","123456");StartCoroutine(POST("http://192.168.1.12/login.php",dic));}//注册public void SingInPressed(){//注册请求 POSTDictionary dic = new Dictionary ();dic.Add("action","1");dic.Add("usrname","xys");dic.Add("psw","123456");StartCoroutine(POST("http://192.168.1.12/login.php",dic));}//POST请求IEnumerator POST(string url, Dictionary post){WWWForm form = new WWWForm();foreach(KeyValuePair post_arg in post){form.AddField(post_arg.Key, post_arg.Value);}WWW www = new WWW(url, form);yield return www;if (www.error != null){//POST请求失败Debug.Log("error is :"+ www.error);} else{//POST请求成功Debug.Log("request ok : " + www.text);}}//GET请求IEnumerator GET(string url){WWW www = new WWW (url);yield return www;if (www.error != null){//GET请求失败Debug.Log("error is :"+ www.error);} else{//GET请求成功Debug.Log("request ok : " + www.text);}}}

    WWWForm wwwForm = new WWWForm();byte[] byteStream = System.Text.Encoding.Default.GetBytes(stream);wwwForm.AddBinaryData("post", byteStream);www = new WWW(Address, wwwForm);