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首先添加mysql的bin到环境变量，这样可以简写部分命令，并且做到不依赖系统mysql的具体安装路径。

重启计算机可以让添加的环境变量在java代码中调用时生效。（cmd中生效但java中调用没有生效，这是我遇到的情况）

java调用mysql备份命令用到：1，隐形调用cmd；2，调用第三方可执行程序；

cmd参数的说明：（详细参考地址：http://blog.csdn.net/xys_777/article/details/6164206）

cmd /c dir 是执行完dir命令后关闭命令窗口。 

cmd /k dir 是执行完dir命令后不关闭命令窗口。 

cmd /c start dir 会打开一个新窗口后执行dir指令，原窗口会关闭。 

cmd /k start dir 会打开一个新窗口后执行dir指令，原窗口不会关闭。

备份代码：

        String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");String bakfile = "SQLBAK\\bak.sql";String cmd = "mysqldump -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p123456 -P 3307 --default-character-set=UTF8 --add-drop-database -B ipms2 -r " +path+bakfile;try {Process runtimeProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { "cmd.exe", "/c", cmd});int processComplete = runtimeProcess.waitFor();if (processComplete == 0){System.out.println("DatabaseManager.restore: Restore Successfull");result=true;}else {System.out.println("DatabaseManager.restore: Restore Failure!");result=false;}} catch (Exception e1) {e1.printStackTrace();} 

恢复代码：

        String path = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/");String bakfile = "SQLBAK\\bak.sql";String cmd = "mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -p123456 -P 3307 --default-character-set=UTF8 < " +path+bakfile;System.out.println(cmd);boolean result=true;try {Process runtimeProcess = Runtime.getRuntime().exec(new String[] { "cmd.exe", "/c", cmd });int processComplete = runtimeProcess.waitFor();if (processComplete == 0) {System.out.println("DatabaseManager.restore: Restore Successfull");result = true;} else {System.out.println("DatabaseManager.restore: Restore Failure!");result = false;}} catch (Exception e1) {e1.printStackTrace();}