题目:
给定一颗二叉树,以及其中的两个node(地址均非空),要求给出这两个node的一个公共父节点,使得这个父节点与两个节点的路径之和最小。描述你程序的最坏时间复杂度,并实现具体函数,函数输入输出请参考如下的函数原型:
strucy TreeNode{TreeNode* left; //指向左子树TreeNode* right; //指向右子树TreeNode* father; //指向父亲节点
};
TreeNode* LowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* first,TreeNode* second){
}
方法1:
算法复杂度为O(n)。
先查找高度。然后类似于查找两条链表第一个公共节点的方法进行遍历比较:
int getHeight(TreeNode *node) {int height = 0;while (node) {height++;node = node->parent;}return height;
}TreeNode* LowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* first,TreeNode* second) {int height1 = getHeight(first), height2 = getHeight(second), diff = height1 - height2;if (diff < 0) {diff = -diff;while(diff--) {second = second->parent;}} else {while(diff--) {first = first->parent;}}while (first != second) {//同步遍历first = first->parent;second = second->parent;}return first;
}
方法2:
使用辅助存储空间。两个栈依次压入从该节点到根节点的指针。依次弹出栈比较节点。。
TreeNode* LowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* first,TreeNode* second){if(!first||!second)return;if(first==second)return first;stack<node> s1;stack<node> s2;node t1,t2;while(!first){s1.push(first);first=first->father;}while(!second){s2.push(second);first=first->father;}while(!s1.empty()&&!s2.empty()){t1=s1.top();s1.pop();t2=s2.top();s2.pop();if(t1!=t2)return NULL;else if((t1==t2)&&!s1.empty()&&!s2.empty()&&(s1.top()!=s2.top()))//当前节点相等,下一级不相等return t1;else if((t1==t2)&&(s1.empty()||s2.empty()))//当前节点相等,下一级为空return t1;} return NULL;
}
考虑特殊情况,即二叉树为二叉查找数的情况:
TreeNode* LowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* head,TreeNode* first,TreeNode* second){if(!first||!second)return;if(first==second)return first;if(first->value>second->value){TreeNode* t;t=first;first=second;second=first;}if(first->value>head->value)return LowestCommonAncestor(head->right,first,second);else if(second->value<head->value)return LowestCommonAncestor(head->left,first,second);elsereturn head;
}