目录

题目描述

解决方案

代码

代码走读

传送门

测试用例

1. 正常场景

2. 当矩阵中的数值不是数字类型时

3. 输入的矩阵维数不是数字类型时

题目描述

依次输入矩阵A, B的维数，并输入两个矩阵的元素。打印两个矩阵相乘（即A * B）的结果。

输入描述

先输入矩阵A的维数和元素。元素位置根据维数动态生成。

Please input matrix A row number: 2
Please input matrix A column number: 3
Please input number for matrixA[0][0]: 3
Please input number for matrixA[0][1]: 5
Please input number for matrixA[0][2]: 1
Please input number for matrixA[1][0]: 7
Please input number for matrixA[1][1]: 2
Please input number for matrixA[1][2]: 6

再输入矩阵B的维数和元素。元素位置根据维数动态生成。

Please input matrix B row number: 3
Please input matrix B column number: 2
Please input number for matrixB[0][0]: 1
Please input number for matrixB[0][1]: 6
Please input number for matrixB[1][0]: 23
Please input number for matrixB[1][1]: 8
Please input number for matrixB[2][0]: 2
Please input number for matrixB[2][1]: 5

输出描述

输出矩阵A, B，并打印A * B的结果：

A:
|	3	5	1	|
|	7	2	6	|
B:
|	1	6	|
|	23	8	|
|	2	5	|
matrixA * matrixB = 
C:
|	120	63	|
|	65	88	|

解决方案

1、输入矩阵A，B的维数、并动态生成矩阵中的元素的位置，提示用户输入每一个位置上对应的元素。

2、根据矩阵运算规则计算A* B，得到最终结果。

3、打印结果。

代码

class Matrix(object):def __init__(self, row, column, name):self.__row = rowself.__column = columnself.name = nameself.__base = [[0] * column for i in range(row)]@propertydef row(self):return self.__row@propertydef column(self):return self.__columndef __repr__(self):print_message_list = [self.name + ":"]for i in range(self.row):line = "|\t"for j in range(self.column):line += str(self.__base[i][j]) + "\t"line += "|"print_message_list.append(line)return "\n".join(print_message_list)__str__ = __repr__def set(self, row, column, value):self.__base[row][column] = valuedef get(self, row, column):return self.__base[row][column]def input(self):for i in range(self.row):for j in range(self.column):self.__base[i][j] = int(input("Please input number for matrix%s[%d][%d]: " % (self.name, i, j)))returndef __mul__(self, other_matrix):if not isinstance(other_matrix, Matrix):raise TypeError("cannot multiply Matrix and %s" % type(other_matrix).__name__)result = Matrix(self.row, other_matrix.column, "result of %s * %s" % (self.name, other_matrix.name))for i in range(result.row):for j in range(result.column):a = 0b = 0while (a < self.column) and (b < other_matrix.row):result.set(i, j, result.get(i, j) + self.get(i, a) * other_matrix.get(b, j))a += 1b += 1return resultdef create(matrix_name):row = int(input("Please input matrix %s row number: " % matrix_name))column = int(input("Please input matrix %s column number: " % matrix_name))if row <= 0 or column <= 0:raise ValueError("matrix %s row and column less than or equal to zero" % matrix_name)return Matrix(row, column, matrix_name)def main():matrix_a = create("A")matrix_a.input()matrix_b = create("B")matrix_b.input()matrix_c = matrix_a * matrix_bmatrix_c.name = "C"print(matrix_a)print(matrix_b)print("matrix%s * matrix%s = " % (matrix_a.name, matrix_b.name))print(matrix_c)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

代码走读

# 实现一个矩阵类Matrix，包含了矩阵的相关操作。
class Matrix(object):# 初始化一个矩阵对象需要三个参数：矩阵的行数row，列数column，以及矩阵的名称name。def __init__(self, row, column, name):self.__row = rowself.__column = columnself.name = name# self.__base是一个二维列表，该字段实际着存储矩阵的内部元素。# 默认情况下它会被初始化为 row * column 的二维列表，每个子列表的元素都初始化为0。self.__base = [[0] * column for i in range(row)]@propertydef row(self):return self.__row@propertydef column(self):return self.__column# 重写__repr__，定制矩阵打印的结果。def __repr__(self):print_message_list = [self.name + ":"]for i in range(self.row):line = "|\t"for j in range(self.column):line += str(self.__base[i][j]) + "\t"line += "|"print_message_list.append(line)return "\n".join(print_message_list)# 让__str__与__repr__的返回结果相同。__str__ = __repr__# 给出指定的行数row，列数column和新的值value，设置矩阵的值def set(self, row, column, value):self.__base[row][column] = value# 给定指定的行数row，列出column来获取矩阵的值def get(self, row, column):return self.__base[row][column]# 通过输入的方式填充矩阵。def input(self):for i in range(self.row):for j in range(self.column):self.__base[i][j] = int(input("Please input number for matrix%s[%d][%d]: " % (self.name, i, j)))return# 通过重写__mul__方法，定义矩阵相乘。def __mul__(self, other_matrix):if not isinstance(other_matrix, Matrix):raise TypeError("cannot multiply Matrix and %s" % type(other_matrix).__name__)result = Matrix(self.row, other_matrix.column, "result of %s * %s" % (self.name, other_matrix.name))for i in range(result.row):for j in range(result.column):a = 0b = 0while (a < self.column) and (b < other_matrix.row):result.set(i, j, result.get(i, j) + self.get(i, a) * other_matrix.get(b, j))a += 1b += 1return result# 定义一个工厂函数，用来创建矩阵。
def create(matrix_name):row = int(input("Please input matrix %s row number: " % matrix_name))column = int(input("Please input matrix %s column number: " % matrix_name))if row <= 0 or column <= 0:raise ValueError("matrix %s row and column less than or equal to zero" % matrix_name)return Matrix(row, column, matrix_name)# 主函数
def main():matrix_a = create("A")matrix_a.input()matrix_b = create("B")matrix_b.input()# 矩阵c是由矩阵a和b相乘得出matrix_c = matrix_a * matrix_bmatrix_c.name = "C"print(matrix_a)print(matrix_b)print("matrix%s * matrix%s = " % (matrix_a.name, matrix_b.name))print(matrix_c)if __name__ == '__main__':main()

传送门

1. input()函数

Python input函数：接收标准输入数据_TCatTime的博客-CSDN博客_python接收输入参数

2. int()函数

Python int函数_TCatTime的博客-CSDN博客_int函数python

3. ValueError异常

Python异常 ValueError_TCatTime的博客-CSDN博客_python valueerror

4. print()函数

Python print函数：将对象打印输出_TCatTime的博客-CSDN博客_python打印

5. range()函数

Python range函数_TCatTime的博客-CSDN博客_python range

6. len()函数

Python len函数_TCatTime的博客-CSDN博客_len函数

7. exit()函数

Python exit函数_TCatTime的博客-CSDN博客_python的exit函数

测试用例

1. 正常场景

矩阵A(3 X 4)，矩阵B(3 X 2)

Please input matrix A rows number: 3
Please input matrix A columns number: 4
------------
Please input number for matrixA[0][0]: 5
Please input number for matrixA[0][1]: 67
Please input number for matrixA[0][2]: 23
Please input number for matrixA[0][3]: 12
Please input number for matrixA[1][0]: 34
Please input number for matrixA[1][1]: 17
Please input number for matrixA[1][2]: 9
Please input number for matrixA[1][3]: 0
Please input number for matrixA[2][0]: 34
Please input number for matrixA[2][1]: 22
Please input number for matrixA[2][2]: 1
Please input number for matrixA[2][3]: 31
------------
Please input matrix B rows number: 3
Please input matrix B columns number: 2
------------
Please input number for matrixB[0][0]: 46
Please input number for matrixB[0][1]: 2
Please input number for matrixB[1][0]: 43
Please input number for matrixB[1][1]: 1
Please input number for matrixB[2][0]: 0
Please input number for matrixB[2][1]: 56MatrixA: 
|	5	67	23	12	|
|	34	17	9	0	|
|	34	22	1	31	|MatrixB: 
|	46	2	|
|	43	1	|
|	0	56	|MatrixA * MatrixB = MatrixC
MatrixC: 
|	3111	1365	|
|	2295	589	|
|	2510	146	|

2. 当矩阵中的数值不是数字类型时

Please input matrix A rows number: 3
Please input matrix A columns number: 4
------------
Please input number for matrixA[0][0]: 12
Please input number for matrixA[0][1]: 3r
[ERROR]Please input integer number for matrixA element

代码拦截提示错误正确。

3. 输入的矩阵维数不是数字类型时

Please input matrix A rows number: er
[ERROR]Please input integer number for rows and column.

代码拦截提示正确。