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通过runtime获取对象相关信息

在这里，本人给大家提供一个runtime关于NSObject的扩展，用来显示各种NSObject中的信息，这有助于你来分析类的组成:)

先准备以下类供测试：

Model.h 与 Model.m

//
//  Model.h
//  Runtime
//
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 Y.X. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>typedef enum : NSUInteger {male,female,
} ModelSex;@interface Model : NSObject@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSNumber *age;
@property (nonatomic, assign) ModelSex  sex;- (void)info;
+ (void)className;@end

//
//  Model.m
//  Runtime
//
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 Y.X. All rights reserved.
//

#import "Model.h"@implementation Model- (void)info
{NSLog(@"info");
}+ (void)className
{NSLog(@"Model");
}@end

以下是NSObject关于runtime的扩展category

NSObject+Runtime.h 与 NSObject+Runtime.m

//
//  NSObject+Runtime.h
//  Runtime
//
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 Y.X. All rights reserved.
//

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface NSObject (Runtime)/* ------------------------------------ */
// 获取当前类所有的子类
+ (NSArray *)runtimeSubClasses;
- (NSArray *)runtimeSubClasses;// 获取当前类所有的父类继承关系
+ (NSString *)runtimeParentClassHierarchy;
- (NSString *)runtimeParentClassHierarchy;
/* ------------------------------------ *//* ------------------------------------ */
// 获取当前类类方法
+ (NSArray *)runtimeClassMethods;
- (NSArray *)runtimeClassMethods;// 获取当前类实例方法
+ (NSArray *)runtimeInstanceMethods;
- (NSArray *)runtimeInstanceMethods;
/* ------------------------------------ *//* ------------------------------------ */
// 获取当前类实例变量大小
+ (size_t)runtimeInstanceSize;
- (size_t)runtimeInstanceSize;// 获取当前类的所有属性
+ (NSArray *)runtimeProperties;
- (NSArray *)runtimeProperties;
/* ------------------------------------ */// 获取当前类继承的所有协议
+ (NSArray *)runtimeProtocols;
- (NSArray *)runtimeProtocols;@end

//
//  NSObject+Runtime.m
//  Runtime
//
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 Y.X. All rights reserved.
//

#import "NSObject+Runtime.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>static void getSuper(Class class, NSMutableString *result)
{[result appendFormat:@" -> %@", NSStringFromClass(class)];if ([class superclass]) { getSuper([class superclass], result); }
}@interface NSString (Runtime)
+ (NSString *)decodeType:(const char *)cString;
@end@implementation NSString (Runtime)+ (NSString *)decodeType:(const char *)cString {if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(id))) return @"id";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(void))) return @"void";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(float))) return @"float";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(int))) return @"int";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(BOOL))) return @"BOOL";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(char *))) return @"char *";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(double))) return @"double";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(Class))) return @"class";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(SEL))) return @"SEL";if (!strcmp(cString, @encode(unsigned int))) return @"unsigned int";NSString *result = [NSString stringWithCString:cString encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];if ([[result substringToIndex:1] isEqualToString:@"@"] && [result rangeOfString:@"?"].location == NSNotFound) {result = [[result substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(2, result.length - 3)] stringByAppendingString:@"*"];} elseif ([[result substringToIndex:1] isEqualToString:@"^"]) {result = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ *",[NSString decodeType:[[result substringFromIndex:1] cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]]];}return result;
}@end@implementation NSObject (Runtime)- (NSArray *)runtimeProperties
{return [[self class] runtimeProperties];
}+ (NSArray *)runtimeProperties
{unsigned int outCount;objc_property_t *properties = class_copyPropertyList([self class], &outCount);NSMutableArray *result = [NSMutableArray array];for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {[result addObject:[self formattedPropery:properties[i]]];}free(properties);return result.count ? [result copy] : nil;
}- (NSString *)runtimeParentClassHierarchy
{return [[self class] runtimeParentClassHierarchy];
}+ (NSString *)runtimeParentClassHierarchy
{NSMutableString *result = [NSMutableString string];getSuper([self class], result);return result;
}- (NSArray *)runtimeSubClasses
{return [[self class] runtimeSubClasses];
}+ (NSArray *)runtimeSubClasses
{Class *buffer = NULL;int count, size;do{count = objc_getClassList(NULL, 0);buffer = (Class *)realloc(buffer, count * sizeof(*buffer));size = objc_getClassList(buffer, count);} while(size != count);NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];for(int i = 0; i < count; i++){Class candidate = buffer[i];Class superclass = candidate;while(superclass){if(superclass == self){[array addObject: candidate];break;}superclass = class_getSuperclass(superclass);}}free(buffer);return array;
}- (size_t)runtimeInstanceSize
{return [[self class] runtimeInstanceSize];
}+ (size_t)runtimeInstanceSize
{return class_getInstanceSize(self);
}- (NSArray *)runtimeClassMethods
{return [[self class] runtimeClassMethods];
}+ (NSArray *)runtimeClassMethods
{return [self methodsForClass:object_getClass([self class]) typeFormat:@"+"];
}- (NSArray *)runtimeInstanceMethods
{return [[self class] runtimeInstanceMethods];
}+ (NSArray *)runtimeInstanceMethods
{return [self methodsForClass:[self class] typeFormat:@"-"];
}- (NSArray *)runtimeProtocols
{return [[self class] runtimeProtocols];
}+ (NSArray *)runtimeProtocols
{unsigned int outCount;Protocol * const *protocols = class_copyProtocolList([self class], &outCount);NSMutableArray *result = [NSMutableArray array];for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {unsigned int adoptedCount;Protocol * const *adotedProtocols = protocol_copyProtocolList(protocols[i], &adoptedCount);NSString *protocolName = [NSString stringWithCString:protocol_getName(protocols[i]) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];NSMutableArray *adoptedProtocolNames = [NSMutableArray array];for (int idx = 0; idx < adoptedCount; idx++) {[adoptedProtocolNames addObject:[NSString stringWithCString:protocol_getName(adotedProtocols[idx]) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];}NSString *protocolDescription = protocolName;if (adoptedProtocolNames.count) {protocolDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ <%@>", protocolName, [adoptedProtocolNames componentsJoinedByString:@", "]];}[result addObject:protocolDescription];//free(adotedProtocols);
    }//free((__bridge void *)(*protocols));return result.count ? [result copy] : nil;
}#pragma mark - Private+ (NSArray *)methodsForClass:(Class)class typeFormat:(NSString *)type {unsigned int outCount;Method *methods = class_copyMethodList(class, &outCount);NSMutableArray *result = [NSMutableArray array];for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {NSString *methodDescription = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ (%@)%@",type,[NSString decodeType:method_copyReturnType(methods[i])],NSStringFromSelector(method_getName(methods[i]))];NSInteger args = method_getNumberOfArguments(methods[i]);NSMutableArray *selParts = [[methodDescription componentsSeparatedByString:@":"] mutableCopy];NSInteger offset = 2; //1-st arg is object (@), 2-nd is SEL (:)for (int idx = offset; idx < args; idx++) {NSString *returnType = [NSString decodeType:method_copyArgumentType(methods[i], idx)];selParts[idx - offset] = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:(%@)arg%d",selParts[idx - offset],returnType,idx - 2];}[result addObject:[selParts componentsJoinedByString:@" "]];}free(methods);return result.count ? [result copy] : nil;
}+ (NSArray *)formattedMethodsForProtocol:(Protocol *)proto required:(BOOL)required instance:(BOOL)instance {unsigned int methodCount;struct objc_method_description *methods = protocol_copyMethodDescriptionList(proto, required, instance, &methodCount);NSMutableArray *methodsDescription = [NSMutableArray array];for (int i = 0; i < methodCount; i++) {[methodsDescription addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ (%@)%@",instance ? @"-" : @"+", @"void",NSStringFromSelector(methods[i].name)]];}free(methods);return  [methodsDescription copy];
}+ (NSString *)formattedPropery:(objc_property_t)prop {unsigned int attrCount;objc_property_attribute_t *attrs = property_copyAttributeList(prop, &attrCount);NSMutableDictionary *attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];for (int idx = 0; idx < attrCount; idx++) {NSString *name = [NSString stringWithCString:attrs[idx].name encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];NSString *value = [NSString stringWithCString:attrs[idx].value encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];[attributes setObject:value forKey:name];}free(attrs);NSMutableString *property = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"@property "];NSMutableArray *attrsArray = [NSMutableArray array];//https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ObjCRuntimeGuide/Articles/ocrtPropertyIntrospection.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40008048-CH101-SW5[attrsArray addObject:[attributes objectForKey:@"N"] ? @"nonatomic" : @"atomic"];if ([attributes objectForKey:@"&"]) {[attrsArray addObject:@"strong"];} else if ([attributes objectForKey:@"C"]) {[attrsArray addObject:@"copy"];} else if ([attributes objectForKey:@"W"]) {[attrsArray addObject:@"weak"];} else {[attrsArray addObject:@"assign"];}if ([attributes objectForKey:@"R"]) {[attrsArray addObject:@"readonly"];}if ([attributes objectForKey:@"G"]) {[attrsArray addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"getter=%@", [attributes objectForKey:@"G"]]];}if ([attributes objectForKey:@"S"]) {[attrsArray addObject:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"setter=%@", [attributes objectForKey:@"G"]]];}[property appendFormat:@"(%@) %@ %@",[attrsArray componentsJoinedByString:@", "],[NSString decodeType:[[attributes objectForKey:@"T"] cStringUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]],[NSString stringWithCString:property_getName(prop) encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]];return [property copy];
}@end

以下是使用情形：

//
//  AppDelegate.m
//  Runtime
//
//  Copyright (c) 2014年 Y.X. All rights reserved.
//

#import "AppDelegate.h"
#import "NSObject+Runtime.h"
#import "Model.h"@implementation AppDelegate- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{NSLog(@"%@", [Model runtimeClassMethods]);NSLog(@"%@", [Model runtimeInstanceMethods]);NSLog(@"%@", [Model runtimeProperties]);NSLog(@"%@", [Model runtimeParentClassHierarchy]);NSLog(@"%@", [Model runtimeSubClasses]);return YES;
}@end

打印信息如下：

Runtime[43597:60b] (
    "+ (void)className"
)
Runtime[43597:60b] (
    "- (id)age",
    "- (void)setAge:(id)arg0 ",
    "- (unsigned int)sex",
    "- (void)setSex:(unsigned int)arg0 ",
    "- (void)setName:(id)arg0 ",
    "- (void).cxx_destruct",
    "- (id)name",
    "- (void)info"
)
Runtime[43597:60b] (
    "@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString* name",
    "@property (nonatomic, strong) NSNumber* age",
    "@property (nonatomic, assign) unsigned int sex"
)
Runtime[43597:60b]  -> Model -> NSObject
Runtime[43597:60b] (
    Model
)

以下是一些注意一点的地方：

每一个类均有一个类方法和实例变量方法相互对应